Adjectives, 形容詞 (keiyōshi)

1. Today's Japanese words
Here's an explanation of some common Japanese adjectives in English, without using kanji:

1. 大きい (ookii) - Big

This adjective describes something that has a large size or extent. It's commonly used for objects, people, or spaces.

Example: おおきなへや (ookina heya) - big room

2. 小さい (chiisai) - Small

The opposite of "ookii," this adjective describes something that has a small size or extent. It's also commonly used for objects, people, or spaces.

Example: ちいさなねこ (chiisana neko) - small cat

3. いい (ii) - Good

This versatile adjective expresses positive qualities or approval. It can be used for various things, including objects, actions, or situations.

Example: いいお天気 (ii otenki) - nice weather

4. 悪い (warui) - Bad

The opposite of "ii," this adjective expresses negative qualities or disapproval. It can also be used for various things, including objects, actions, or situations.

Example: わるいゆめ (warui yume) - bad dream

5. 熱い (atsui) - Hot

This adjective describes something that has a high temperature or causes a sensation of heat. It's commonly used for objects, liquids, or weather conditions.

Example: あついちゃ (atsui cha) - hot tea

6. 寒い (samui) - Cold

The opposite of "atsui," this adjective describes something that has a low temperature or causes a sensation of cold. It's commonly used for objects, liquids, or weather conditions.

Example: さむいふゆ (samui fuyu) - cold winter

7. 安い (yasui) - Cheap

This adjective describes something that has a relatively low price or cost. It's commonly used for goods, services, or tickets.

Example: やすいくだもの (yasui kudamono) - cheap fruit

8. 高い (takai) - Expensive

The opposite of "yasui," this adjective describes something that has a relatively high price or cost. It's commonly used for goods, services, or tickets.

Example: たかいビル (takai biru) - expensive building

9. きれい (kirei) - Pretty or Clean

This adjective describes something that is visually appealing or physically clean. It can be used for people, objects, or places.

Example: きれいなはな (kireina hana) - pretty flower

10. 汚い (きたない) - Dirty

The opposite of "kirei," this adjective describes something that is visually unappealing or physically unclean. It can be used for people, objects, or places.

Example: きたないへや (kitanai heya) - dirty room

2. Today's topic
Adjectives, 形容詞 (keiyōshi)
Japanese adjectives, also known as 形容詞 (keiyōshi), are words that describe the attributes or qualities of nouns. They play a crucial role in Japanese grammar, adding nuance and specificity to sentences. Here are some of the key characteristics of Japanese adjectives:

Form and Suffixes: Japanese adjectives typically end in either the hiragana い (i) or な (na), which indicates their conjugation type. い-adjectives, also known as attributive adjectives, are directly attached to nouns, while な-adjectives, also known as predicative adjectives, require the copula verb です (desu) or だ (da) to form complete predicates.

Position in Sentences: Japanese adjectives generally precede the nouns they modify. For instance, "赤いりんご" (akai ringo) means "red apple," with the adjective "赤い" (akai) describing the color of the noun "りんご" (ringo).

Conjugation and Modifications: Japanese adjectives can be conjugated to express different grammatical aspects, such as tense, negation, and comparison. For example, the adjective "大きい" (ookii) meaning "big" can be conjugated to "大きかった" (ookikatta) for the past tense, "大きくない" (ookiku nai) for the negative form, and "大きいよりも大きい" (ookii yori mo ookii) for comparison.

Compound Adjectives: Japanese adjectives can be combined to form compound adjectives, creating more complex descriptions. For instance, "とても大きい" (totemo ookii) means "very big," combining the adverbs "とても" (totemo) meaning "very" and "大きい" (ookii) meaning "big."

Descriptive Power: Japanese adjectives offer a rich variety of expressions to describe various qualities, including physical characteristics, emotions, and abstract concepts. They play a significant role in conveying the writer's or speaker's intended message.

In summary, Japanese adjectives are essential elements of the language, providing a versatile tool for describing and qualifying nouns. Their unique characteristics contribute to the overall expressiveness and nuance of Japanese communication.

3- Today’s news
Power windows in spotlight after 2-year-old dies in tragic accident
https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15277643
A daikon radish is cut by a closing power window in a test by the Japan Automobile Federation.
A woman in her 30s was driving her car when she noticed that her daughter, who was sitting in a child safety seat behind her, had her neck caught in the window.

Foreigners object to move to revoke permanent resident status
https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15276065
The proposed change would allow the government to rescind permanent resident status for foreigners who deliberately fail to pay their personal or social welfare taxes or commit serious crimes, such as breaking and entering or assault.