有る Can be used in what situation?

"有る" (aru) in Japanese is a verb that means "to exist" or "to be present." However, it's not as versatile as the English "to be" and has some specific nuances:

1. Inanimate Objects:

 * Existence: "有る" is primarily used for inanimate objects.

   * Example: "机の上に本が有る。" (Tsukue no ue ni hon ga aru.) - "There is a book on the desk."

 * Location: It emphasizes the existence of something at a particular location.

2. Abstract Concepts:

 * "有る" can be used for abstract concepts like hope, possibility, and potential.

   * Example: "成功する可能性が有る。" (Seikou suru kanousei ga aru.) - "There is a possibility of success."

3. Limited Usage for People:

 * While not as common as "いる" (iru) for people, "有る" can be used for:

   * Presence in a general sense: "家に人が有る。" (Ie ni hito ga aru.) - "There is someone at home." (More general than "家に人がいる。" - "There is someone at home.")

   * Existence as a fact: "彼は家族が有る。" (Kare wa kazoku ga aru.) - "He has a family." (Focuses on the fact of having a family)

Key Differences from "いる" (iru):

 * "いる" is primarily used for living things (people, animals) and emphasizes their presence, existence, or state of being.

 * "有る" is generally used for inanimate objects and abstract concepts, though it can be used for people in certain limited cases.