Past Tense of Verbs (～ました - ~mashita)

1. Past Tense of Verbs (～ました - ~mashita)

 * Used to express actions that happened in the past.

 * To form the past tense of verbs, add "ました" (-mashita) to the verb stem (masu-stem).

   * Example: 食べる (taberu) - to eat ➡️ 食べました (tabemashita) - ate

Example:

 * 昨日、私は本を読みました。(Kinou, watashi wa hon o yomimashita.) - I read a book yesterday.

 * 先生は日本語を話しました。(Sensei wa Nihongo o hanashimashita.) - The teacher spoke Japanese.

 * 私たちはレストランでご飯を食べました。(Watashitachi wa resutoran de gohan o tabemashita.) - We ate dinner at the restaurant.

2. Basic Counting

 * Numbers 11-20:

   * 11 - じゅういち (juuichi)

   * 12 - じゅうに (juuni)

   * 13 - じゅうさん (juusan)

   * 14 - じゅうよん (juuyon) or じゅうし (juushi)

   * 15 - じゅうご (juugo)

   * 16 - じゅうろく (juuroku)

   * 17 - じゅうなな (juunana) or じゅうしち (juushichi)

   * 18 - じゅうはち (juuhachi)

   * 19 - じゅうきゅう (juukyuu)

   * 20 - にじゅう (nijuu)

Practice Conversation:

Teacher: 昨日は何をしましたか。(Kinou wa nani o shimashita ka?)

Student: 昨日は映画を見ました。(Kinou wa eiga o mimashita.)

Teacher: 今日は何時ですか。(Kyou wa nanji desu ka?)

Student: 今は二時です。(Ima wa niji desu.)

Additional Tips:

 * Use Sentence Patterns: Practice creating sentences using the new grammar points.

 * Find a Language Exchange Partner: Practice speaking with a native speaker or another learner.

 * Listen to Japanese Music: Pay attention to the lyrics and try to understand the meaning.

 * Keep a Learning Journal: Write down new words, grammar points, and your learning progress.

Remember to be patient with yourself and celebrate your progress! 頑張ってください! (Ganbatte kudasai!)