Basic Japanese Grammar

 

1. Today's topic

## Basic Japanese Grammar: A Beginner's Guide

**Greetings and Introductions**
* **こんにちは (Konnichiwa):** Hello (used during the day)
* **こんばんは (Konbanwa):** Good evening
* **おはようございます (Ohayou gozaimasu):** Good morning
* **はじめまして (Hajimemashite):** Nice to meet you
* **私は [name] です (Watashi wa [name] desu):** I am [name]

**Basic Sentence Structure**
In Japanese, the typical sentence structure is **Subject-Object-Verb (SOV)**.
* **Example:**
* **私は本を読みます (Watashi wa hon o yomimasu):** I read a book.
* Subject: I (watashi)
* Object: book (hon)
* Verb: read (yomimasu)

**Verbs**
* **Conjugation:** Japanese verbs have different conjugations depending on the tense, mood, and politeness level.
* **Basic forms:**
* **Dictionary form (原形, genkei):** The base form of the verb.
* **Present tense (現在形, genzaikei):** Used to express actions happening now.
* **Past tense (過去形, kakokei):** Used to express actions that happened in the past.
* **Future tense (未来形, miraikei):** Used to express actions that will happen in the future.

**Particles**
Particles are small words that indicate the grammatical function of a word in a sentence. Here are some common particles:
* **は (wa):** Topic marker (introduces the topic of the sentence)
* **が (ga):** Subject marker (indicates the subject of the sentence)
* **を (o):** Object marker (indicates the object of the sentence)
* **で (de):** Place or instrument marker
* **と (to):** Together with, and

**Politeness Levels**
Japanese has different politeness levels depending on the situation and the people involved.

* **Casual style (丁寧語, teineigo):** Used among friends and family.
* **Formal style (尊敬語, sonkeigo):** Used when speaking to superiors or strangers.
* **Humble style (謙譲語, kenjougo):** Used to show respect for oneself or one's family.

2- Today’s news
Noda wins presidential election of main opposition CDP
https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15437371

Victim number increases to seven after torrential downpours in Ishikawa Pref.
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240923_03/